FE-SEA方法在平台支持船噪声预报中的应用

平台支持船由于作业需要通常配备有动力定位系统,其在侧推工况下舱室噪声超标较为严重。针对这个问题采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,得到侧推螺旋桨作用在导管上的脉动压力,并将时域计算结果转换成噪声计算的激励条件。采用有限元(FE)与统计能量分析(SEA)混合方法建立船体中频段FE-SEA耦合模型并建立船体高频段SEA模型,对某65 m AHTS船侧推工况下全频段(63 Hz~8000 Hz)舱室噪声进行预报,分析该船噪声分布规律及主要影响因素。并建立起全船的SEA模型,在中频段对比SEA与FE-SEA两种方法得到的舱室声压级频谱曲线,验证了使用混合模型的必要性。     

How the biaxially stretching mode influence dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene films

The most important polymer film used in commercial capacitors is biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), which could be produced by sequentially or simultaneously biaxial orientation after the melt-extrusion. In order to disclose the influence of the stretching technique on the properties of films, the BOPP films with varied thickness were fabricated by sequential and simultaneous orientation, respectively. Compared to the sequentially biaxially stretched films, the crystal grains in the simultaneously biaxially stretched films are more isotropically dispersed. As temperature increases, all the BOPP films exhibit similar dielectric constant, and the simultaneous films have much lower dielectric loss thanks to the finer blended crystalline and amorphous phases. When the film thickness is smaller than 5 μm, the breakdown field strength, energy density and discharging time of the simultaneous films can be increased by at least 10% comparing to the sequential ones, which is very important for reducing the volume of the film capacitors. All the results suggest the simultaneously biaxial orientation mode shows significant advantages in producing thin BOPP films with better mechanical and electrical properties.     

Self-healing,elastic and deformable novel composite phase change polymer based on thermoplastic elastomer SEBS for wearable devices

Journal of Materials Science - Form-stable composite phase change materials (C-PCMs) prepared by microencapsulation method and porous matrix adsorption method need for compression molding after...     

Numerical study on laminar burning velocity of ammonia flame with methanol addition

The combustion characteristics of ammonia/methanol mixtures were investigated numerically in this study. Methanol has a dramatic promotive effect on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of ammonia. Three mechanisms from literature and another four self-developed mechanisms constructed in this study were evaluated using the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures from Wang et al. (Combust.Flame. 2021). Generally, none of the selected mechanisms can precisely predict the measured laminar burning velocities at all conditions. Aiming to develop a simplified and reliable mechanism for ammonia/methanol mixtures, the constructed mechanism utilized NUI Galway mechanism (Combust.Flame. 2016) as methanol sub-mechanism and the Otomo mechanism (Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy. 2018) as ammonia sub-mechanism was optimized and reduced. The reduced mechanism entitled ‘DNO-NH3’, can accurately reproduce the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures under all conditions. A reaction path analysis of the ammonia/methanol mixtures based on the DNO-NH3 mechanism shows that methanol is not directly involved in ammonia oxidation, instead, the produced methyl radicals from methanol oxidization contribute to the dehydrogenation of ammonia. Besides, NO_x emission analysis demonstrates that 60% methanol addition results in the highest NO_x emissions. The most important reactions dominating the NO_x consumption and production are identified in this study.     

Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction kinetics through biochar-based nickel-iron phosphides nanocages in water electrolysis for hydrogen production

Highly-efficient and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for overcoming the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent for water electrolysis. Biomass-derived biochar has been considered as promising carbon material because of its advantages such as low-cost, renewable, simple preparation, rich structure, and easy to obtain heteroatom by in-situ doping. Herein, Ni₂P–Fe₂P bimetallic phosphide spherical nanocages encapsulated in N/P-doped pine needles biochar is prepared via a simple two-step pyrolysis method. Benefiting from the maximum synergistic effects of bimetallic phosphide and biochar, high conductivity of biochar encapsulation, highly exposed active sites of Ni₂P–Fe₂P spherical nanocages, rapid mass transfer in porous channels with large specific surface area, and the promotion in adsorption of reaction intermediates by high-level heteroatom doping, the (Ni_0.75Fe_0.25)₂P@NP/C demonstrates excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 250 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm² in 1 M KOH. Also it exhibits a long-term durability in 10 h electrolysis and its activity even improves during the electrocatalytic process. The present work provides a favorable strategy for the inexpensive synthesis of biochar-based transition metal electrocatalysts toward OER, and improves the water electrolysis for hydrogen production.     

猪胴体冷却降温特性及耗能分析

猪肉是我国消耗量最大的肉类品，尤其是冷鲜猪肉更受人们青睐。猪胴体冷却保鲜加工工艺既要满足优质猪肉的成熟条件，又要保证猪肉的安全卫生。猪胴体冷却温度和降温速度对保证加工工艺合理性和降低耗能都至关重要。在实测数据基础上经过判断、分析提出，在常规0～4 ℃冷却前先在-10～-5 ℃低温快速冷却猪胴体1 h从而更好地保证猪胴体的冷却效果。实验发现：猪胴体开始冷却时，内部温度先有2～4 ℃的升温，然后才会降温，因此需对热负荷计算进行修正；根据两段冷却过程中猪胴体的冷却降温特点，提出了对应的冷量要求，为配备冷却装置提供了依据。     

Additive manufacturing,quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviours of ceramic lattice structures

Ceramic lattice structures (CLSs) are used for construction in common and extreme environments because of the extraordinary properties of ceramics. In this study, we designed and additively manufactured CLSs with distinct structural parameters to explore their quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviours in detail. It was demonstrated that both the relative density (?ρ) and inclination angle (ω) had a significant impact on the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of the CLSs. Furthermore, the mathematical relationships between the quasi-static compressive properties, including quasi-static compressive strength (QS), quasi-static Young’s modulus (QY), and quasi-static energy absorption (QE), versus ?ρ and ω obeyed the Gibson–Ashby and Deshpande and Fleck models, respectively. It was revealed by experiment and simulation that as the stiffness increased, the quasi-static failure mode of the CLSs changed from a parallel-vertical-inclined mixed mode to a parallel-vertical mode. In addition, the relationship between the dynamic mechanical properties of the CLSs versus ?ρ and ω also followed the Gibson–Ashby and Deshpande and Fleck models. The exceptional dynamic increase factor indicated that CLSs are highly suitable for extreme environments. These findings will aid in the research and development of customised additively manufactured CLSs.     

K–I co-doped crystalline carbon nitride with outstanding visible light photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution

Heteroatomic doping is an effective way to optimize the electronic structure of carbon nitride to boost photocatalytic performance. However, the extra introduced defects could result in the decrease of its crystallinity. In this work, crystalline K–I co-doped carbon nitride (K–I–CCN) was simply synthesized from molten salt ionthermal post-calcination in nitrogen atmosphere. Structure characterization results indicate that compared to K–CCN synthesized from conventional molten salt heat treatment in air, nitrogen heating atmosphere is more conductive for the formation of homogeneous pore structure of the catalyst, which has larger surface area and pore volume, while could repairing some defects and resulting in better polymerization crystallization. In addition, except the implanting of K, I doping is still retained after nitrogen heat treatment, thus forming K–I co-doping structure. Due to the positive charge effect of K–I co-doping, K–I–CCN has a narrower band gap, higher surface charge density and stronger charge transport, so it performs significantly enhanced photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity from water splitting.     

Effect of catalytic washcoat shape and properties on mass transfer characteristics of microstructured steam-methanol reformers for hydrogen production

Many attempts have been made to improve mass transfer by reducing the size of reactors. However, such reduction will fairly quickly reach practical limitations and numerous difficulties still remain. Catalytic washcoat shape and properties may be critical design factors, but the mechanisms for their effects on mass transfer characteristics are still not fully understood. To effectively eliminate problems associated with mass transport phenomena in microstructured steam-methanol reformers, the effects of washcoat shape and properties were investigated in various situations by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations. The dependence of the solution on mass transfer characteristics was reduced to a small number of dimensionless parameters. A dimensionless mass transfer analysis was carried out in terms of the Sherwood, Schmidt, and pore Reynolds numbers. The results indicated that the rate of mass transfer is predominantly controlled by washcoat properties, and porosity and effective thermal conductivity are fundamentally important. The rate of the reforming reaction is typically controlled by kinetics at a temperature of 480 K and limited by mass transfer at a temperature of 580 K. The shape of washcoats affects the overall mass transfer characteristics, depending on the structural and thermal properties of washcoats. The shape effect is limited by heat transfer. A three-fold increase in effectiveness factor can be achieved by increasing the effective thermal conductivity of the washcoat. Design recommendations were finally made to improve transport characteristics for the systems.     

Tuning lattice strain in biphenylene for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

As proton-exchange membrane fuel cell technology has grown and developed, there has been increasing demand for the design of novel catalyst architectures to achieve high power density and realize wide commercialization. Herein, based on the two-dimensional biphenylene, we compare the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity on the active sites with different biaxial lattice strains using first-principles calculations. The ORR free energy diagrams of biphenylene monolayers with varying lattice strains suggest that the biaxial tensile strains are unfavorable for catalytic activity. In contrast, the biaxial compressive strains could improve the catalytic performance. The biphenylene systems with the strain of ?2% ～ ?6% (S_{-0.02～-0.06}) display overpotentials of 0.37–0.49 V. This performance is comparable to or better than the Pt (111) surface. The Bader charge transfer of adsorbed O species on various biaxial strain biphenylene catalysts could be a describer to examine the catalytic activity. The catalysts possessed the moderate transferred charge of O adsorbed species often promotes catalytic process and give the high catalysis efficiency. Overall, this work suggests that the lattice strain strategy can significantly enhance the catalytic activity of biphenylene materials and further provide guidance to design biphenylene-based catalysts in various chemical reactions.